214 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
214 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
autoscale: true
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footer:  **_2025 Symposium_**
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# Are Chillers the Future
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2025 Symposium
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---
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[.footer:]
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---
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[.footer:]
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# Reasons
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**Change to flammable refrigerants in the future.**[^1]
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[^1]: Projected to change refrigerants again in the next 10-15 years.
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---
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[.footer:]
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### It's not just because I like the art of piping systems
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<br/>
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---
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[.footer:]
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---
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[.footer:]
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---
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[.text: #ffffff, .text-scale(0.8)]
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# History
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[.build-lists: false]
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- Dates back to Romans
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- 19<sup>th</sup> century, broader adoption due to cast iron radiators and steam boilers
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- 20<sup>th</sup> century, introduction of pumps, energy efficiency, zone controls
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- Popular choice for contemporary HVAC Systems
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---
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# Definitions
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---
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[.footer:]
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---
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# Define Chillers
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Chillers are mechanical devices used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems
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to remove heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle.
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---
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# Applications in HVAC
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1. **Commercial Buildings:**
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- Chillers are commonly found in shopping malls, office buildings, and hospitals, where they are used to cool large open spaces and maintain comfortable indoor temperatures.
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1. **Industrial Processes:**
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- Chillers are used to cool machinery and products, particularly in manufacturing processes that generate substantial amounts of heat.
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1. **Air Conditioning Systems:**
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- In large HVAC systems, chillers provide chilled water, which is then utilized by air handling units (AHUs) or fan coil units to cool air before it is distributed throughout the building.
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1. **District Cooling:**
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- Chillers are sometimes used in district cooling systems, where a central chiller plant provides chilled water to multiple buildings in a defined area.
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^ Note how residential does not appear on the list.
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---
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# What do we do?
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^ Ask the audience to answer.
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---
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# What do we do?
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- Provide healthy, safe, and comfortable environment.
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- We move heat from one place to another, generally through refrigerant and air circulation...
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- Water _IS_ a refrigerant (R-718).
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^ Second one is important to remember for later in the talk.
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---
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# Fun Facts
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| | Density | Specific Heat |
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| ----------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
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| Air<sup>1</sup> | 0.075<sup>lb/ft<sup>3</sup></sup> | 0.24<sup>btu/lb</sup> |
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| Water<sup>2</sup> | 62.37<sup>lb/ft<sup>3</sup></sup> | 1.0<sup>btu/lb</sup> |
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<sup>1</sup>Air density calculated for sea-level @ 70°.
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<sup>2</sup>Water density calculated @ 60°.
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`https://hvacrschool.com/sensible-heat-in-air-and-water`
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^ Can anyone tell me why this matters?
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---
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# Fun Facts
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_Source: **Modern Hydronic Heating**, by: John Siegenthaler, P.E._
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^ Add to pros list.
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---
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# A Home is Complex
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- Shell / envelope
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- Ventilation / exhaust
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- Electrical
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- Plumbing / hot water
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- HVAC
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- and more...
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#### _A home requires harmony between many different mechanical systems._
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---
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[.footer-style: #696969, alignment(center)]
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[.footer: _From: 'What if Houses Came with Manuals' by **Sam Meyers** and **Genry Garcia**_]
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[.background-color: #d3d3d3]
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---
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[.footer:]
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---
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# HVAC Key Characteristics
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A well-designed HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system provides several key benefits, including:
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1. **Comfort**: Maintains a consistent and comfortable temperature and humidity levels throughout the space.
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2. **Indoor Air Quality**: Improves air quality by filtering out pollutants, allergens, and other contaminants, while also providing proper ventilation to bring in fresh air.
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3. **Energy Efficiency**: Optimizes energy use, reducing utility bills and energy waste through the use of energy-efficient equipment and proper system design.
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4. **Zoning Control**: Allows for the creation of different temperature zones in larger buildings, enabling tailored comfort levels in different areas.
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---
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# HVAC Key Characteristics
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5. **Humidity Control**: Helps to regulate humidity levels, preventing issues such as mold growth and structural damage.
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6. **Noise Reduction**: Designed to minimize operational noise, providing a quieter indoor environment.
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7. **Reliability**: Incorporates durable components and proper system sizing to ensure consistent performance and reduce the likelihood of breakdowns.
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8. **Scalability**: Can be designed to accommodate future expansion or changes in usage, making it flexible for evolving needs.
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---
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# HVAC Key Characteristics
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9. **Automation and Smart Controls**: Integrates advanced controls and smart technology for optimized performance, scheduling, and remote management.
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10. **Safety**: Incorporates safety features to prevent issues such as carbon monoxide buildup and gas leaks, ensuring safe operation.
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11. **Maintenance Ease**: Designed for easy access to components for routine maintenance, inspections, and repairs.
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12. **Environmental Responsibility**: Utilizes eco-friendly refrigerants and practices to minimize environmental impact.
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_A well-designed HVAC system is essential for providing a comfortable, healthy, and efficient indoor environment._
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---
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[.footer:]
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---
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# Key Differences
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### _Here are some key benefits:_
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1. **Energy Efficiency**: Chillers, especially when combined with modern controls and variable frequency drives, can be more energy-efficient than conventional HVAC systems. They often consume less energy, leading to lower operating costs.
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2. **Scalability**: Chiller systems can be easily scaled to meet varying cooling loads. You can add or remove chillers based on demand, making them suitable for buildings with fluctuating cooling needs.
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3. **Flexibility**: Chillers can provide cooling for multiple spaces or zones within a facility efficiently and can be used in a variety of applications, including process cooling and specialized environments.
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4. **Integration with Renewable Energy**: Chiller systems can be integrated with renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind, enhancing their overall efficiency and sustainability.
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5. **Water-Cooled Options**: Many chiller systems are water-cooled, which can be more efficient than air-cooled systems, particularly in larger settings. Water has a higher thermal capacity than air, leading to more effective heat exchange.
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#### _Chiller systems offer several advantages over traditional HVAC systems._
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---
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# Key Differences
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6. **Reduced Environmental Impact**: Chillers can use refrigerants that have less environmental impact compared to some traditional HVAC systems. They can also be designed to minimize energy consumption, further reducing their carbon footprint.
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7. **Consistent Temperature Control**: Chillers provide more consistent cooling due to their ability to modulate cooling output based on demand, leading to improved comfort in living and working environments.
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8. **Space Saving**: In certain applications, chillers can save on space by centralizing cooling. They can be placed away from conditioned spaces, whereas traditional systems may require larger equipment to be located within these spaces.
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9. **Longevity and Reliability**: Chiller systems are generally robust and, if properly maintained, can have a longer lifespan than traditional HVAC units. Their design often allows for easier maintenance and repair.
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10. **Advanced Control Systems**: Chiller systems often incorporate advanced building management systems, enabling better monitoring, automation, and integration with other building systems for improved overall performance.
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